Abstract
No data exist on hepatitis B virus (HBV) incidence among African men who have sex with men (MSM). We tested plasma samples archived between 2005 and 2014 for HBV core antibody or surface antigen seroconversion in a cohort of 312 initially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-negative MSM with no evidence of prior HBV infection. Hepatitis B virus incidence was 6.0/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9–9.1). Hepatitis B virus acquisition was associated with being uncircumcised (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 5.0; 95% CI, 1.5–16.8), recent HIV-1 acquisition (aIRR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.7), rape (aIRR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.2–20.4), and any tertiary education (aIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1–9.7). African MSM have a substantial risk of HBV acquisition and require vaccination urgently.
Highlights
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kenya has been estimated at 8–10 per 100 person years [6, 7], with estimates as high as 35.2 per 100 person years among MSM only [7]
Because hepatitis B virus (HBV) is more infectious than human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 [8], it may be expected that HBV incidence
In the multivariable analysis adjusted for age, marital status, sex work, Receptive anal intercourse (RAI), and any unprotected sex, uncircumcised status, recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) acquisition, rape (5.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–20.4) and any tertiary education were associated with HBV acquisition (Table 2)
Summary
We retrospectively tested stored plasma samples from HIV-1negative MSM aged 18–49 years who were enrolled into a HIV-1 vaccine feasibility cohort study between 2005 and 2014 in Coastal Kenya [7]. All male cohort participants who reported anal sex with another man in the 3 months before enrollment and had stored blood samples available from enrollment and at least 1 follow-up visit through December 2014 were selected for the present study
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