Abstract
BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global public health problem. Health care providers and medical students in developing countries including Ethiopia are at an increased risk of contracting HBV due to the high burden of this infection. The most effective way of prevention against HBV infection is vaccination of health care providers. However, there is a paucity of data on the HBV vaccination coverage among students of health science in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine HBV vaccination coverage and associated factors, level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards HBV among students of medicine and health science at Wolkite University.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolkite University among 417 study participants from November to December 2020. The study participants were recruited by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 21. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with full-dose vaccination status. Statistical significance was set at P-value <0.05.ResultsOut of the 417 study participants, 5.8% (95%CI: 3.8–7.9) received a full-dose of the HBV vaccine in this study. Unavailability and high cost of the vaccine were frequently mentioned reasons for not being vaccinated against HBV. About 73.6%, 36.2%, and 47% of participants had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices towards HBV, respectively. Being male gender (AOR: 8.8; 95%CI: 2.9–27), rural residence (AOR: 3.6; 95%CI:1.2–10.6), positive attitude (AOR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.1–1.1), good practice (AOR: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05–0.5), medicine department (AOR: 5.9; 95%CI: 1.2–29), being second-year student (AOR: 11.7; 95%CI: 2.7–50.9), third-year student (AOR: 19; 95%CI: 4.25–45), and fourth-year student (AOR: 27; 95%CI: 5.8–56) were significantly associated factors with full-dose vaccination status.ConclusionOur study revealed that only small proportions (5.8%) of study participants received full-dose HBV vaccination. Vaccinations of students before starting clinical attachments, provisions of training for students on infection prevention mechanism and universal precautions particularly on HBV, increasing the uptake of the HBV vaccine, creating awareness on attitude and practice of students towards HBV to enhance uptake of the vaccine are recommended.
Highlights
Health care providers and medical students in developing countries including Ethiopia are at an increased risk of contracting Hepatitis B virus (HBV) due to the high burden of this infection
Our study revealed that only small proportions (5.8%) of study participants received fulldose HBV vaccination
Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem, a study indicated 3.61% of the overall burden of HBV infection globally with a higher burden reported from the African (8.8%) and western pacific region (5.26%) [1]
Summary
Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem, a study indicated 3.61% of the overall burden of HBV infection globally with a higher burden reported from the African (8.8%) and western pacific region (5.26%) [1]. Hepatitis B infection is a major public health concern in Ethiopia, a study reported 6%-9% burden of the infection [2, 3] and it is the most commonly transmitted blood-borne pathogen in healthcare settings [3]. Health care providers and medical students are at an increased risk of contracting HBV in the workplace due to occupational exposure to blood and body fluid during their clinical attachments [4]. Health care providers and medical students in developing countries including Ethiopia are at an increased risk of contracting HBV due to the high burden of this infection. This study aimed to determine HBV vaccination coverage and associated factors, level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards HBV among students of medicine and health science at Wolkite University
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