Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a clinical problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, this incidence seems to be increasing around the world. The reactivation commonly developes in immunosuppressed individuals, although it may also occur spontaneously. Individuals who develop malignancy with chronic hepatitis B virus infection are at high-risk for hepatitis B virus reactivation, since they are closely related to immunosuppression, especially when undergoing chemotherapy. The loss of immune control in these patients may results in the reactivation of HBV replication within hepatocytes. This review article will focus on HBV reactivation related to immunosuppressed patients, immunosuppressive drug classes and corresponding risk estimates of hepatitis B virus reactivation, screening test recommended before getting this drugs, choice of antiviral drugs for prophylaxis, and duration of prophylaxis treatment based on EASL, AASLD and APASL guidelines.
Highlights
Hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus which could lead to potentially life-threatening liver infection.[1]
Hepatitis B virus reactivation is a sudden increase of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum, or reappearance of hepatitis B virus DNA in the serum, commonly accompanied by increase of alanine transaminase (ALT) level in patient with inactive or resolved hepatitis B
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a clinical problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates
Summary
Hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus which could lead to potentially life-threatening liver infection.[1]. 30% of the world’s population show serological evidence of current or past infection.[2] Approximately 350400 millions people live with chronic infection. An estimated 600.000 people die each year due to the acute or chronic consequences of hepatitis B virus infection.[1]. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection could lead to progressive liver damage, but mostly (60-85%) are asymptomatic. That is why it becomes undetectable, until signs and symptoms of chronic liver disease/cirrhosis appear.[2] hepatitis B virus reactivation in this population may occur, either spontaneously or upon immunosuppression. The consequences of hepatitis B virus reactivation range from self-limited conditions to fulminant hepatic failure and death.[4,5]
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