Hepatic Transporters Alternations Associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disorder and is usually accompanied by obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetesmellitus. NAFLD progression can lead to impaired functions of hepatocytes such as alternations in expression and function of hepatic transporters. The present study aimed to summarize and discuss the results of clinical and preclinical human studies that investigate the effect of NAFLD on hepatic transporters. The databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched systematically up to 1 March 2022. The risk of bias was assessed for cross-sectional studies through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score. Our review included ten cross-sectional studies consisting of 485 participants. Substantial alternations in hepatic transporters were seen during NAFLD progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in comparison with control groups. A significant reduction in expression and function of several hepatic uptake transporters, upregulation of many efflux transporters, downregulation of cholesterol efflux transporters, and mislocalization of canalicular transporter ABCC2 are associated with NAFLD progression. Since extensive changes in hepatic transporters could alter the pharmacokinetics of the drugs and potentially affect the safety and efficacy of drugs, close monitoring of drug administration is highly suggested in patients with NASH.