Abstract
It has been convincingly demonstrated that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can make the myocardium resistant to the subsequent ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), which causes severe damages by mainly generating cell death. However, the cardioprotective effects of the hepatic RIPC, which is the largest metabolic organ against I/R, have not been fully studied. The aim of our research is whether remote liver RIPC may provide cardioprotective effects against the I/R-induced injury. Here, we generated an I/R mice model in four groups to analyze the effect. The control group is the isolated hearts with 140-min perfusion. I/R group added ischemia in 30 min following 90-min reperfusion. The third group (sham) was subjected to the same procedure as the latter group. The animals in the fourth group selected as the treatment group, underwent a hepatic RIPC by three cycles of 5-min occlusion of the portal triad and then followed by induction of I/R in the isolated heart. The level of myocardial infarction and the preventive effects of RIPC were assessed by pathological characteristics, namely, infarct, enzyme releases, pressure, and cardiac mechanical activity. Subjected to I/R, the hepatic RIPC minimized the infarct size (17.7 ± 4.96 vs. 50.06 ± 5, p < 0.001) and improved the left ventricular-developed pressure (from 47.42 ± 6.27 to 91.62 ± 5.22 mmHg) and the mechanical activity. Release of phosphocreatine kinase-myocardial band (73.86 ± 1.95 vs. 25.93 ± 0.66 IUL−1) and lactate dehydrogenase (299.01 ± 10.7 vs. 152.3 ± 16.7 IUL−1) was also decreased in the RIPC-treated group. These results demonstrate the cardioprotective effects of the hepatic remote preconditioning against the injury caused by I/R in the isolated perfused hearts.
Highlights
Acute myocardial ischemia accounts for the most common cause of hospitalization in Western countries
Different intervention procedures have been suggested to reduce the damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), wherein remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is the latest one
The levels of the heart rate and Left ventricular-developed pressure (LVDP) were immediately decreased upon the commencement of the ischemia and reached zero level during the ischemia in the groups exposed to the global ischemia
Summary
Acute myocardial ischemia accounts for the most common cause of hospitalization in Western countries. Myocardial infarction is recognized as a heart attack when myocardial ischemia exceeds a threshold, which causes irreversible cardiac cell damage or even death (Yang et al, 2002). This perioperative myocardial infarction is the most dangerous following different non-cardiac surgeries, namely, liver transplantation (Devereaux et al, 2005; Polido et al, 2007). The reperfusion of RIPC Protects Heart IR Injury coronary vessels by the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) or thrombolytic therapy is the only way to reduce the myocardial injury (Keeley et al, 2003). Different intervention procedures have been suggested to reduce the damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), wherein remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is the latest one
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