Hepatic oxidative stress, genotoxicity and histopathological alteration in fresh water fish Labeo rohita exposed to organophosphorus pesticide profenofos

Abstract

Abstract Organophosphate pesticide profenofos (PFF) is widely used pesticides in agricultural practices throughout the world. Using of various group of pesticide create toxicological and environmental problems, such as impacts on many non-target aquatic species, including fish. This study evaluated the sublethal effects of PFF on the antioxidant enzymes, histopathological alteration and DNA damage in Labeo rohita. The lethal concentration (LC50) value of profenofos was 0.1 mg/L for 96 h of exposure. Fingerlings were exposed to two sublethal concentrations 0.02 mg/L (1/5th) and 0.01 mg/L (1/10th) of PFF for a period of 21 days. After profenofos exposure increased SOD and CAT activity was noted only at 7th day but in 14th and 21st day both enzyme activities were significantly decreased. However, GST and LPO activity in liver of exposed group was significantly (p>0.05) increased throughout the study period. In the comet assay, DNA damage in peripheral erythrocytes was enhanced in a concentration and time dependent manner. In addition, histopathological examination in the organs showed significant changes like epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion, epithelial necrosis, in the gill tissue, pyknotic nucleus, vacuolation, nuclear degeneration, cellular edema in the liver tissue and tubular necrosis, shrinkage of glomeruli, hyaline droplets degeneration, vacuolation of renal tubles, pyknotic nucleus in the kidney. The overall results of the present investigation indicated that PFF could potentially induce antioxidant enzyme, DNA damage and histopathological alterations in fish.