Abstract
ABSTRACTTo understand the hepatic metabolic changes during postnatal liver maturation process in breeder roosters, we investigated the hepatic metabolites composition of 1-day-old, 42-day-old, and 35-week-old breeder roosters using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Comprehensive multivariate data analyses were applied to identify the distinguishing metabolites of liver. 84 different kinds of distinguishing metabolites were identified between the livers of 1-day-old and 42-day-old breeder roosters, and 58 different kinds of distinguishing metabolites were identified between the livers from 42-day-old and 35-week-old breeder roosters. Further pathway annotations revealed that the hepatic metabolism was extensively remodeled during the postnatal liver maturation process. The antioxidant capacity of the liver and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, fats, cholesterols, nucleic acids, and vitamins were all significantly changed at different growing periods after birth. Specifically, we found that the hepatic amino acid metabolic function was continuously enhanced from 1-day-old to 35-week-old roosters. However, the glucose and lipid metabolic functions were weakened from 1-day-old to 42-day-old roosters and then elevated from 42-day-old to 35-week-old roosters. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the metabolomic changes are related to the adaption of liver functions in breeder roosters.
Highlights
Liver, being the most important organ of metabolic system after birth, plays major roles in nutrient homeostasis including the synthesis, metabolism, and transport of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
The fumaric acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, and malic acid, which are related to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Sunny et al, 2011), were significantly decreased with postnatal liver development process during the brooding period
Other metabolites associated with pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism process were remarkably increased, including ribose, lactic acid, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, ethanolamine, and myo-inositol-2-phosphate (Krebs and Eggleston, 1974; Jones et al, 1997)
Summary
Liver, being the most important organ of metabolic system after birth, plays major roles in nutrient homeostasis including the synthesis, metabolism, and transport of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It is important to clarify the hepatic metabolic characteristics of breeder roosters in different growing periods. A supervised models orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) (R2X=0.516, R2Y=0.997, Q2=0.93) was performed to identify distinguishing hepatic metabolites between the breeder roosters during the brooding period (Fig. 1C).
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