Abstract
Calyptospora species are coccids that commonly cause liver infections in fish all around the world. This paper describes the morphology and histopathological characteristics of liver infection caused by Calyptospora sp. in black piranha Serrasalmus rhombeus, from the Capim River, in the municipality of Ipixuna do Pará, state of Pará (Brazil). Specimens were collected, analyzed and necropsied and tissue fragments containing parasites were prepared for histology and scanning electron microscopy. Parasitism was detected in 33.0% of the analyzed specimens, which had spherical oocysts in the liver, with four pyriform sporocysts presenting sporozoites internally. A histological examination revealed oocysts positioned close to blood vessels, causing necrosis and degeneration of hepatic parenchyma, while the presence of mononuclear cell infiltrate and melanomacrophages indicated the onset of an inflammatory process. This is the first record of the genus Calyptospora in fish from the Capim River.
Highlights
Coccids, a subclass of the phylum Apicomplexa, are intracellular parasites that have a wide variety of host fish, from Chondrichthyes to Osteicthyes, which are represented by freshwater and saltwater teleosts that occur worldwide (Dyková & Lom, 1981; Davies & Ball, 1993; Molnár, 2006)
Five species are currently described in Brazil: Calyptospora tucunarensis (Békési & Molnár, 1991), Calyptospora spinosa (Azevedo et al, 1993), Calyptospora serrasalmi (Cheung et al, 1986), Calyptospora gonzaguensis (Silva et al, 2020) and Calyptospora paranaidji (Da Silva et al, 2019), and four of them are reported in fish from the Amazon basin
This paper describes the morphology of Calyptospora sp. and histopathological aspects of hepatic coccidiosis in S. rhombeus, captured in the Capim River, in the northeast of the state of Pará, eastern Amazonia
Summary
A subclass of the phylum Apicomplexa, are intracellular parasites that have a wide variety of host fish, from Chondrichthyes (elasmobranches) to Osteicthyes, which are represented by freshwater and saltwater teleosts that occur worldwide (Dyková & Lom, 1981; Davies & Ball, 1993; Molnár, 2006). There is phylogenetic evidence that coccids of terrestrial vertebrate emerged from fish coccidian strains (Rosenthal et al, 2016). The family Calyptosporidae is represented by species with a heteroxenous life cycle, where by the oocysts are transmitted from the intermediate host, an invertebrate, to the definitive host, the fish (Overstreet et al, 1984; Whipps et al, 2012). According to Da Silva et al (2019), this region has great potential for the discovery of new calyptosporid species
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