Abstract
Chrysophyllum albidum commonly called African star apple, has been reported for its antidiabetic potential but its effect on liver and kidney functions in diabetic rats has not been well investigated. This study investigated effects of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit-skin (CAFS) supplemented diet on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced intraperitonealy at a single dose of 50mg/kg bw of Streptozotocin (STZ). Forty male Wistar rats weighing averagely 170g were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each; Group 1-Normal control, Group 2-Diabetic control, Group 3-Diabetic rats treated Glibenclamide, Group 4-Diabetic rats treated 70g/kg CAFS supplemented diet. After four weeks of treatment, the rats were sacrificed. Liver function biomarkers (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) activities, kidney function biomarkers (Creatinine and Urea), electrolyte ions (K + , Na + , HCO 3 - and Cl - ), total protein and bilirubin levels were measured in the plasma. The diabetic control exhibited hepato-renal dysfunction with significant (p<0.05) increase in the liver marker enzymes’ activities, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea concentrations while decreasing total protein, albumin and electrolyte ions levels compared with normal control group. Treatment with CAFS supplemented diet significantly (p<0.05) enhanced liver and kidney recovery by reducing the elevated activities of liver marker enzymes, reversed the increments in creatinine, urea and total bilirubin while increasing the concentration of total protein and restoring electrolyte ions concentrations to near normal values. CAFS supplemented diet has hepatic- and renal protective effects on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus, CAFS could be considered as therapeutic agent against the progression of diabetes complications. Keywords: Chrysophyllum albidum ; fruit-skin; liver markers; kidney markers; diabetes. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/10-6-02 Publication date: March 31 st 2020
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health problem with an escalating incidence and prevalence, in developing and newly industrialized countries (Danaei et al, 2011)
It was observed that induction of diabetes significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activities of plasma AST (Figure 2) from 19.87±1.05 to 59.22±2.17U/L, ALT (Figure 3) from 18.70±0.97 to 28.49±2.31U/L, ALP (Figure 4) from 288.51±1.98 to 911.16±2.27 U/L and AST:ALT (Figure 5) from 1.06±0.003 to1.80±0.14 compared to rats in the control group
The increment observed in both total - and unconjugated bilirubins were reversed by 32% & 63% in diabetic rats treated with Chrysophyllum albidum fruit-skin (CAFS) supplemented diet and by 29% & 55% in diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health problem with an escalating incidence and prevalence, in developing and newly industrialized countries (Danaei et al, 2011). One of the most important clinical features of diabetes is its associated complications, which can affect multiple vital organ systems, thereby leading to more severe and irreversible pathological conditions such as nephropathy, retinopathy, hepatopathy, vasculopathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases (Reid, 2006). Our previous study demonstrated that persistent hyperglycemia caused significant reduction in the liver glycogen levels and elevation of plasma and hepatic lipids (except high-density lipoprotein (HDL)) contents in diabetic rats (Ibrahim et al, 2019b). Another studies by Chiang et al (2011), Birkenfeld and Shulman (2014) as well as Nakahara et al (2014) found that DM causes liver disease, such as hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. A fatty liver and hyperglycaemia candestroy the hepatocytes and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients (Levinthal and Tavill, 1999)
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