Heparin-Coated Stents Do Not Protect Cancer Patients from Cardiac Complications after Noncardiac Surgery

Abstract

Previous studies regarding preoperative coronary stents and antithrombotic agents have excluded patients with cancer as a result of hypercoagulability. The objective of this study is to determine whether preoperative heparin-coated coronary stents are as safe in patients with cancer undergoing surgery as patients without cancer. Between February 2003 and February 2005, 29 patients had heparin-coated coronary stents placed before noncardiac surgery. The incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) and/or death was compared in patients with and without cancer, and outcomes were further evaluated based on preoperative antithrombotic status. Postoperative MI occurred in three of 13 (23%) patients with cancer compared with zero of 16 noncancer patients. Patients with cancer were 9.6 times more likely to have a postoperative MI resulting in death compared with noncancer patients. There was a positive correlation between patients having cancer and having a postoperative MI (r = 0.38, P = 0.044) and between patients with cancer being on antithrombotic medications during surgery and having a postoperative MI (r = 0.567, P = 0.044). After stent placement, patients with cancer undergoing surgery experienced a higher incidence of postoperative MI resulting in death compared with noncancer patients despite continued antithrombotic use. In these patients, alternatives to stenting should be considered to avoid perioperative cardiac complications.