Henry Head’s lifelong studies of cutaneous sensation

Abstract

In 1900 research on cutaneous sensation was defined by histological techniques defining sensory receptors in skin, leading to undetermined conceptual problems when considered in relation to Brown-Séquard's startling finding that there were two qualitatively different afferent pathways in the spinal cord. Four modalities were considered to function as the determinants of sensory input. In 1903 Rivers and Head carried out the first interventional study of human cutaneous sensation, and analysed the return of sensation following section and immediate suture of the dorsal cutaneous branch of Head's left radial nerve. This resulted in the revolutionary idea summarised in his description of protopathic and epicritic sensory systems in peripheral sensory nerve. Although this concept was at best seen as controversial and even ridiculed by some of his many contemporaneous critics, more recently this concept has proven a fundamentally important stimulus to understanding the physiology of cutaneous sensation. His writings show him to have been capable of deeply instructive thought, based on his clinical experience and his admiration of Hughlings Jackson's teaching concerning the hierarchical organisation of brain function. First and foremost a clinician neuroscientist, his ideas were ahead of their time and not understood.