Hen feather: a bio-waste material for adsorptive removal of methyl red dye from aqueous solutions

Samina Zaman,Gopal Chandra Ghosh,Md Nayeem Mehrab,Tapos Kumar Chakraborty,Md Shahnul Islam

doi:10.2166/h2oj.2021.123

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the potential applicability of hen feather (HF) to remove methyl red (MR) dye from aqueous solution with the variation of experimental conditions: contact time (1–180 min), pH (4–8), initial dye concentration (5–50 mg/L) and adsorbent dose (3–25 g/L). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) evaluate the surface morphology and chemistry of HF, respectively. The maximum removal of MR by HF was 92% when the optimum conditions were initial MR dye concentration 5 mg/L, pH 4, adsorbent dose 7 g/L and 90 min equilibrium contact time. Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.98) was more suited than Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.96) for experimental data, and the highest monolayer adsorption capacity was 6.02 mg/g. The kinetics adsorption data fitted well to pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.999) and more than one process was involved during the adsorption mechanism but film diffusion was the potential rate-controlling step. The findings of the study show that HF is a very effective and low-cost adsorbent for removing MR dye from aqueous solutions.

Highlights

Water is necessary for every survival but nowadays water pollution by discharging different toxic chemicals from the industrial and urban area is a matter of global concern (Shakoor & Nasar 2016)
The objectives of this research are to examine the effectiveness of hen feather (HF) in aqueous solution for removing methyl red (MR), by the influencing of different experimental parameters, including contact time, pH, adsorbents dose and initial MR concentration, and evaluate the adsorption behavior of HF by adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms
The findings indicated that the HF adsorption capacity increased (0.66–5.01 mg/g) with increasing initial MR concentration (5–50 mg/L) due to the mass transfer resistance of the dye between the solid and aqueous phases, which improved the interaction of MR molecules and HF surface

Summary

Introduction

Water is necessary for every survival but nowadays water pollution by discharging different toxic chemicals from the industrial and urban area is a matter of global concern (Shakoor & Nasar 2016). Dyes are commonly used for coloring purpose in different industries such as food, textiles, cosmetics, leather, printing, paper, rubber, plastics and cosmetics (Sharma et al 2011) Discharge from these industries of colored wastewater in water bodies can create inescapable difficulties because it limits the photosynthesis rate by reducing sunlight infiltration rate into the receiving water and gradually makes the unstable condition in aquatic ecosystem (Mubarak et al 2017). Dyes and their degraded byproducts are considered as mutagenic, toxic and carcinogenic nature, so it is comparatively risky for the environment as well as living beings if they are exposed to these substances even at low levels (Huang et al 2017).

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Conclusion