Hemp Fiber-Reinforced 1-Pentene/Polypropylene Copolymer: The Effect of Fiber Loading on the Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of the Composites

Abstract

One of the recent developments in composite technology in South Africa is the increasing use of natural fiber materials in the manufacture of plastic products. Most of the previous work on natural fiber-reinforced composites has focused on sisal fiber as it was commercially available. In this study, the mechanical and thermal properties of composites made with locally produced hemp fibers, were compared with composites made with hemp fibers produced in France. New commercial polypropylene random copolymer was used as matrix because it can be processed at lower temperatures when compared with other commercial propylene copolymers. The composites were produced by extrusion compounding and were further processed into tensile test bars by injection molding. Up to 30% fiber loading could be achieved. It was observed in all composites that increasing the amount of fiber resulted in an increase in tensile strength, elastic modulus, and flexural strength and a decrease in impact strength. The thermal properties of the composites were analyzed by the thermogravimetric method. It was found that the fiber/PP composites showed excellent properties when compared to fiber and the matrix separately. The addition of hemp fibers shifted the start of the degradation process towards higher temperatures. The results obtained show that the mechanical and thermal properties of South African long hemp fiber composites compare favorably well with the French bleached and unbleached hemp fibers.