Abstract
Aims: There is a general, inverse relationship between helminth infection and allergic diseases including bronchial asthma (BA). Proteins and other mediators released from parasitic worms exert cogent downmodulation of atopic and other allergic reactivity. We investigated the immune activities of an immortalized murine dendritic cell (mDC) line (JAWSII) and of primary human dendritic cells (hDCs) collected from study participants with and without BA after Opisthorchis felineus hemozoin (OfHz) treatment.Methods and Results: in vitro, expression of lymphocyte-activating factors—T helper 1 (Th1) induction and anti-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-10, and IL-12β–increased significantly in mDCs pulsed with OfHz. In parallel, primary dendritic cells (hDC) from cases clinically diagnosed with BA along with healthy controls were exposed ex vivo to OfHz in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Whereas no significant change in the cellular maturation markers, CD83, CD86, and CD40, was apparent in BA vs. healthy hDC, pulsing hDC from BA with OfHz with LPS induced significant increases in expression of IL-10 and IL-12β, although not of TNF-α or tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β).Conclusions: Liver fluke hemozoin OfHz stimulated production of Th1 inducer and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-12β from BA-hDC pulsed with OfHz, an outcome that enhances our understanding of the mechanisms whereby opisthorchiasis contributes to protection against the atopic disease in liver fluke infection-endemic regions.
Highlights
Helminth parasites establish chronic infections, characterized by modulation of both the innate and adaptive host immune response
To extract Hz from Opisthorchis felineus, we used a slightly modified protocol based on methods reports for studies on host immunomodulation to Hz from Schistosoma mansoni [14] and Plasmodium falciparum [18]
The transcript levels encoding IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12β, and TNFα were analyzed after JAWSII cells were pulsed with 100 nm of
Summary
Helminth parasites establish chronic infections, characterized by modulation of both the innate and adaptive host immune response. There is active, sustained investigation of the mechanisms of the immunomodulation induced by helminths and the characterization of parasite-derived products with immunomodulation properties for treatment and prevention of the autoimmune-related diseases [4, 5]. Investigation of the activities and properties of ES products has provided insights into the mechanisms of the host immune response modulation by parasites, which may be exploited for therapeutic intervention for allergic, autoimmune, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases [6,7,8,9]. The addition of Pf Hz or sHz decreases production of LPS/IFN-promoted interleukin (IL)-12p70 [T helper 1 (Th1) responses development] and increases immune homeostasis cytokines including IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD14+ antigen-presenting cells [20]
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