Abstract
BackgroundThe coelomic fluid of echinoderms bathes all the internal organs and is a natural reservoir of various bio-active compounds. However, coelomic fluid from Indian sea-star Astropecten indicus is not well characterized for its biochemical and pharmacological profiles. Sea-star (or starfish) Astropecten indicus was collected from the coast of Goa, India during low tides. Sea-star coelomic fluid (SCF) extracted from the sea-stars was concentrated, filtered, and assayed for various hemotoxic activities such as fibrinogenolysis, fibrinolysis, hemolysis, and effects on platelet aggregation.ResultsStudies on effects of SCF on A-549 human lung cancer cell line showed its non-cytotoxic and wound healing abilities in vitro. SCF was found to possess fibrinogen and fibrin digesting ability at a dose of 4 μg/ml within 30 min of incubation with the substrate. Additionally, SCF could hemolyze goat RBC by 50% and human RBC by only 5%. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that SCF contains various proteins and peptides. Two protein components of SCF yielded strong fibrinolytic, fibrinogenolytic, caseinolytic, and gelatinase activities as revealed by zymography. SCF enhanced the aggregation of ADP and collagen-activated platelets in a dose-dependent manner and had a specific proteolytic activity of 2.5 μg/ml in 30 min at 37 °C as assayed using azocasein as substrate.ConclusionThis study focuses on the anticoagulant, pro-platelet aggregation and cell proliferative potential of SCF in vitro and is the first report on hemotoxic and wound healing potential of coelomic fluid of Astropecten indicus.
Highlights
The coelomic fluid of echinoderms bathes all the internal organs and is a natural reservoir of various bio-active compounds
Protein profile of star coelomic fluid (SCF) Protein profile of SCF was studied by electrophoresis on a 12% SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining the gel
Fibrinogenolytic activity of SCF Fibrinogenolytic activity of SCF was estimated by incubating different dosages with fibrinogen as substrate for varied time periods
Summary
The coelomic fluid of echinoderms bathes all the internal organs and is a natural reservoir of various bio-active compounds. It is well known that the marine environment, despite having an infinite scope for exploration, has been one of the most underutilized biological resources It contains a vast array of organisms with unique biological properties which could provide a vast resource to combat major diseases (Cardoso, Costa, & Mano, 2016; Vinothkumar & Parameswaran, 2013). Members of the class Echinodermata such as the seastars (or starfish) have become virtually a symbol of sea life They were used in ancient oriental medicine as a source of bioactive compounds and are used for extraction and purification of cytotoxic, hemolytic, antiviral, antifungal, antifouling, antimicrobial, and even anti-tumoral compounds (Bordbar et al, 2011; Cardoso et al, 2016; Lee, Hsieh, Hsieh, & Hwang, 2014; Sharmin, 2017; Thao, Luyen, Kim, Kang, Kim, et al, 2014)
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