Abstract
Hemorrhoids are vascular spaces forming cushions above the anal canal which allow the passage of gas without stool, and cause clinical problems only when they become engorged and prolapse with resulting pain, bleeding, itching or discharge. Hemorrhoids require treatment only if they cause symptoms, and should be treated only as long as symptoms persist. Techniques of treatment including injection therapy, rubber band ligation, infrared coagulation, bipolar probe, heater probe, ultroid and YAG laser are described. At present, rubber banding is the most cost effective therapy. Diet education is essential to prevent recurrence.
Highlights
Hemorrhoids are vascular spaces forming cushions above the anal canal which allow the passage of gas without stool, and cause clinical problems only when they become engorged and prolapse with resulting pain, bleeding, itchingor discharge
H EMORRHOIDS ARE A COMMON problem seen in clinical gastro· 1 enterological practice
Both the nonoperative mode and operative treatment were thought to be the preserve of the sur· geon
Summary
Symptoms Bleeding Prolapse, bleeding. mild discomfort felt. The best endoscopic examination is with a proccoscope. Pa- tion of a shallow mucosal ulcer, either as that produced by faulty bowel habits tients who did not attempt to correct by rubber band ligation or thermal and/or diets low in fibre. These hemor- their excessive straining and dry stool methods such as infrared coagulator, rhoidal plexi are subjected to th is shear- experienced a high incidence (60%) of BlCAP or heater probe. The grading and symptoms related to rubber band ligation, therma l means longest rime
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