Hemorrhagic Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Stomach : A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach is an extremely rare malignancy. The pathogenesis of this tumor remains obscure, and the optimal treatment strategy is controversial. Presentation of case: Here, we describe a case of gastric SCC complicated by multiple hemorrhagic episodes. Discussion: The origin of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach is unclear. there are several hypotheses; arising from the squamous metaplasia of the gastric mucosa; arising from multipotent stem cells; arising from the ectopic squamous epithelium; squamous differentiation from a pre-existing adenocarcinoma; and arising from the vascular endothelium of the stomach. It is probably is related to HPV, EBV, and HP infections. Under chronic inflammatory exposure, tissue stem cell transformation causes epithelial metaplasia and dysplasia, then epithelial carcinoma occurs. The treatment paradigm for this rare disease is the same as for other gastric malignancies. Surgery followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy remain the optimum pick for the management of the primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach, regardless of evolutivity of the primary tumor. Conclusion: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach generally has a poor prognosis. Surgery remains the primary treatment, and adjuvant therapy is unclear. The clinical treatment is basically the same as that of adenocarcinoma.