HEMORRAGIA PÓS-PARTO: FATORES DESENCADEANTES E IMPLICAÇÕES PARA À PRÁTICA CLÍNICA: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA DA LITERATURA

Abstract

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a critical obstetric condition characterized by excessive blood loss after childbirth. It can occur immediately after delivery or develop within the first 24 hours, referred to as early postpartum hemorrhage, or up to 12 weeks after childbirth, known as late postpartum hemorrhage. This study is a bibliographic research, configured as a narrative review of the literature related to postpartum hemorrhage, focusing on its main triggering factors and clinical practice implications, aiming to synthesize published research on this topic. The final review sample consisted of 20 articles, after the exclusion of 133 during the full reading and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Initially, the screening of titles and abstracts reduced the sample from 346 to 153 articles, with 193 excluded at this stage. The original sample, obtained after applying the descriptors, included 483 articles, but was reduced to 346 after the removal of 137 duplicates. In the literature found, all studies were categorical in presenting the main triggering factors for postpartum hemorrhage. In this sense, the authors mainly discuss the "4Ts" as key risk factors associated with this obstetric emergency, a serious complication and one of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide. The term "4Ts" refers to four potential causes of postpartum hemorrhage: Tone, Trauma, Tissue, and Thrombin. In summary, postpartum hemorrhage is a complex and multifactorial condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach.