Abstract
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common emergency, with a high mortality, around 5%, occurring mainly in patients who have significant comorbidity and with adjuvant therapies favoring bleeding. Causes are diverse, standing out peptic ulcer. Bleeding is controlled by endoscopic therapy after clinical stabilization of the patient. The best therapeutic option is endoscopy hemostasis with adrenaline injection, mechanical clips or application of heat. Nowadays, new endoscopic strategies are emerging: Hemospra®, OVESCO®, cyanoacrylate. In rebleeding episodes, a second endoscopic therapy is recommended. Embolization or surgery are required when bleeding persists. Once bleeding is controlled, the benefits of reintroduction of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medication outweigh the risks. Long-term, in order to prevent peptic ulcer, both Helicobacter pylori eradication and cessation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs intake are essential.
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