Abstract
Demonstration by Waksman 1 and others 2 of the antibacterial action of streptomycin on a number of gram-negative organisms suggested that type b Hemophilus influenzae, a frequent cause of meningitis in children, might be sensitive to this antibiotic. Therapeutic trial was made only after laboratory investigations 3 revealed a pronounced degree of sensitivity on the part of this organism to streptomycin both in vitro and in vivo. A simple in vitro test for measuring the sensitivity of a given strain of the organism showed a highdegree of correlation with the minimal effective dose of streptomycin necessary to protect mice against lethal infection with the same strain. One dose of a suitable quantity of streptomycin proved superior to type specific rabbit antibody used in conjunction with sulfadiazine in protecting mice against lethal infections caused by type b H. influenzae. 4 These results seemed to warrant a therapeutic trial with streptomycin even
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