Abstract
Wild animals are exposed to numerous pathogens, including hemoparasites. The Trypanosoma and hemogregarinegroup are frequently reported as parasites in anurans (frogs, tree frogs and toads). The identification of these hemoparasites is usually made through stage observation of their morphology in the peripheral blood of the host. There areno studies, however, based on the biological cycle of these hemoparasites. The objective of the present study was toevaluate the presence of hemogregarines and Trypanosoma spp. in anurans captured in the States of São Paulo andMato Grosso do Sul- Brazil and to perform the morphological and morphometric characterization of these hemoparasites. The species of anurans examined were: Dendropsophus nanus, D. minutus, Leptodactylus chaquensis L. podicipinus, L. labyrinthicus, L. fuscus, Bufo granulosus, B. schneideri, Phyllomedusa hypocondrialis, Trachicephalus venulosus, Scinax fuscovarius and Hypsiboas albopunctatus. Of the total of 40 animals studied, four (10%)were positive for hemogregarines and eight (20%) were positive for Trypanosoma spp. Hemogregarine gamontsshowed variable morphology and, in addition to intraerythrocytic forms, extraerythrocytic forms were also observed.Extremely different forms of Trypanosoma were observed, as described in the literature, with the broad and oval forms being the most common.
Highlights
The Trypanosoma genus and the hemogregarines have been reported among the hemoparasites infecting anurans
Of the 40 animals examined, 10% were positive for hemogregarines and 20% were positive for Trypanosoma spp. (Fig. 1)
The frequency of hemoparasites obtained in anurans was relatively high, especially for Trypanosoma spp. (20%)
Summary
The Trypanosoma genus and the hemogregarines have been reported among the hemoparasites infecting anurans. Species classification of anurans Trypanosoma is confusing, due to the great polymorphism present in this genus and the absence of studies on the biological cycle. Since numerous species have been described, it is plausible that the same parasite has received different names in different hosts and different geographic localizations. Exogenous influences, such as temperature, maturity and density of the population of hosts and environment pollution can influence the different shapes of the hemoparasite (Bardsley and Harmsen 1973, Mackenzie 1999, Silva et al 2005)
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