Hemodynamic Parameters During Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancy in Rats: Evaluation of Renal Salt and Water Transporters

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether alterations in extracellular volume expansion observed during normal and hypertensive pregnancy run in parallel to changes in the mRNA expression of renal transporters. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C, n = 5); pregnancy (P, n = 5); Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 mg/kg/d)-treated control (H, n = 6); and pregnant rats (HP, n = 6). Hemodynamic studies were performed on day 14 of pregnancy, at which time we also analyzed of the sodium transporters (NHE3, Na/K/2Cl and Na/Cl), potassium channel (ROMK2) and water channel (AQP2). Results: As expected, P rats presented high cardiac output (CO) and normal blood pressure (BP), whereas H rats presented lower CO and elevated BP. A significant (threefold) increase in total vascular resistance and a decrease in stroke volume were observed in the HP group. Hypertension resulting from nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibition blunted systemic hemodynamic adaptations during pregnancy. Compared with C rats, mRNA expression of ROMK2 in P rats was lower, whereas that of AQP2 was higher. Expression of AQP2 was significantly higher in H than in C or HP groups. Expression of BSC and NHE3 was lower in the HP than in the P group. The NO inhibition also provoked renal transporter alterations in HP. Conclusions: Our results suggest that tubule transporter variants may mediate the hemodynamic adaptations seen during pregnancy, although we cannot rule out the hypothesis that other factors are also mediating hemodynamic changes.