Abstract
It is well-established that visuospatial attention is mainly lateralized to the right hemisphere, whereas language production is mainly left-lateralized. However, there is a significant controversy regarding how these two kinds of lateralization interact with each other. The present research used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine whether visuospatial attention is indeed right-lateralized, whereas language production is left-lateralized, and more importantly, whether the extent of lateralization in the visuospatial task is correlated with that in the task involving language. Specifically, fifty-two healthy right-handed participants participated in this study. Multiple-channel fNIRS technique was utilized to record the cerebral hemodynamic changes when participants were engaged in naming objects depicted in pictures (the picture naming task) or judging whether a presented line was bisected correctly (the landmark task). The degree of hemispheric lateralization was quantified according to the activation difference between the left and right hemispheres. We found that the picture-naming task predominantly activated the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) of the left hemisphere. In contrast, the landmark task predominantly activated the inferior parietal sulcus (IPS) and superior parietal lobule (SPL) of the right hemisphere. The quantitative calculation of the laterality index also showed a left-lateralized distribution for the picture-naming task and a right-lateralized distribution for the landmark task. Intriguingly, the correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between the laterality indices of these two tasks. Our findings support the independent hypothesis, suggesting that different cognitive tasks may engender lateralized processing in the brain, but these lateralized activities may be independent of each other. Meanwhile, we stress the importance of handedness in understanding the relationship between functional asymmetries. Methodologically, we demonstrated the effectiveness of using the multichannel fNIRS technique to investigate the hemispheric specialization of different cognitive tasks and their lateralization relations between different tasks. Our findings and methods may have important implications for future research to explore lateralization-related issues in individuals with neural pathologies.
Highlights
Functional cerebral lateralization refers to functional differences between homologous regions of the left and right hemispheres
Functional lateralization has been found using various approaches, such as split-brain patients [5], sodium amytal injection [6], and non-invasive neuroimaging [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Those studies reveal that the left hemisphere is dominant in language-related processing, such as writing [12], speech perception [3], and language production [4], and that the right hemisphere is dominant in various non-verbal abilities, such as facial recognition [13], emotion expression [14], and visuospatial perception [11]
Tukey HSD revealed that participants exhibited a significantly larger mean hemodynamic change in the right hemisphere than that in the left hemisphere in the landmark condition (LM) condition (t = –6.69, p < 0.001) (Figure 4B), and no significant difference was found in the landmark control condition (LMC) condition (t = –1.92, p = 0.14) (Supplementary Figure 5)
Summary
Functional cerebral lateralization refers to functional differences between homologous regions of the left and right hemispheres. Functional lateralization has been found using various approaches, such as split-brain patients [5], sodium amytal injection [6], and non-invasive neuroimaging [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] Those studies reveal that the left hemisphere is dominant in language-related processing, such as writing [12], speech perception [3], and language production [4], and that the right hemisphere is dominant in various non-verbal abilities, such as facial recognition [13], emotion expression [14], and visuospatial perception [11]. We adopted a multiple-channel fNIRS imaging technique to record cerebral hemodynamic activity from 56 right-handed adult participants while performing the picturenaming and the landmark tasks The aim of this experiment was to examine the relationship of functional specification between language production and visuospatial attention. We hypothesize that: [1] typical brain activations of left-lateralized language production and right-lateralized visuospatial attention will be observed; [2] the negative correlation between language production laterality index and visuospatial attention laterality index would be observed on right-handers if the “causal” relationship was universally correct
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