Abstract
Transcription factors as multifaceted modulators of gene expression that play a central role in cell proliferation, differentiation, lineage commitment, and disease progression. They interact among themselves and create complex spatiotemporal gene regulatory networks that modulate hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, and conditional differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into cells of cardiovascular lineage. Additionally, bone marrow-derived stem cells potentially contribute to the cardiovascular cell population and have shown potential as a therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are currently debatable. This review focuses on some key transcription factors and associated epigenetic modifications that modulate the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells. In addition to this, we aim to summarize different potential clinical therapeutic approaches in cardiac regeneration therapy and recent discoveries in stem cell-based transplantation.
Highlights
Vast gene networks modulating normal physiological and developmental processes as well as disease progression in humans is controlled by more than 1600 molecular mediator proteins known as transcription factors
These factors can act individually as well as in a combinatorial manner to influence the expression of single or multiple target genes in cells to create a colossal spatiotemporal gene regulatory network. The quest for these factors led to numerous studies in which their role has been extensively investigated in all the cell types which were involved in developmental pattern formation, immune response modulation, and inflammatory diseases (Latchman, 1993; Rahman and MacNee, 1998; Campbell et al, 2000; Liang et al, 2001; Coffer and Burgering, 2004; Mudter et al, 2005; Rutenberg et al, 2006; Vaquerizas et al, 2009; Dejean et al, 2010; Wilson et al, 2011; Singh et al, 2014; Lambert et al, 2018, Lammers et al, 2020). These studies have revealed several transcription factors that are crucial in synchronizing the Abbreviations: CVDs, cardiovascular diseases; ECs, endothelial cells; Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), endothelial progenitor cells; Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), hematopoietic stem cells; human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), human umbilical vein endothelial cell; SMCs, smooth muscle cells; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells
We focus on transcription factors that are involved in the differentiation and development of both HSCs and cardiovascular cells, with an emphasis on their role in various CVDs
Summary
Sushmitha Duddu, Rituparna Chakrabarti†, Anuran Ghosh† and Praphulla Chandra Shukla* School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India Olga Pershina, Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine named
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