Hematopoietic cell transplantation for Diamond Blackfan anemia: A report from the Pediatric Group of the Brazilian Bone Marrow Transplantation Society.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of children with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) treated in Brazil with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We performed a retrospective analysis of 44 pediatrics patients transplanted between 1990 and 2018. The median age of patients was 5years, and 57% were male. Twenty-five received their first HCT from an HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD), 12 from a HLA matched unrelated bone marrow donor (MUD 10/10, n=12) and 7 other HLA mismatched donors (MMD). After a median follow-up of 4years, estimate 5-year overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 70%, 80% for MSD group, 73% for MUD, and 29% for MMD. Thirty-eight out of the 44 evaluable patients engrafted successfully. Primary and secondary graft failure was observed in five and three patients, respectively. Rates of grade II-IV and III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) were 25% and 18%, respectively. Nine patients developed chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Overall survival rates observed after HLA matched donors transplant for DBA were comparable to those reported from higher-income countries and international registries.