Abstract
Hematological parameters and the state of liver cells of rats were examined in vivo after the animals received aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) alone and together with modified nanodiamonds (MND) synthesized by detonation. The rats that had received the MND hydrosol had elevated leukocyte levels, mainly due to higher granulocyte counts and somewhat increased monocyte counts compared to control rats. Hematological parameters of the rats that had received AfB1 alone differed from those of the control rats in another way: total white blood cell counts were significantly lower due to the decreased lymphocyte counts. In rats that had consumed AfB1 with the MND hydrosol, changes in hematological parameters were less pronounced than in rats that had consumed either AfB1 or MND. Electron microscopy showed that hepatocytes of the rats that had received the MND hydrosol or AfB1 with the MND hydrosol contained elevated levels of lipid inclusions and lysosomes. Hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (EPR) was revealed in liver specimens of the rats that had received AfB1. Results of the study suggest the conclusion about mutual mitigation of the effects of nanoparticles and the mycotoxin on rats blood and liver cells after AfB1 has adsorbed on MND.
Highlights
Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus—a widely occurring genus of mold fungi
We examined the effect of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) on hematological parameters and the state of liver cells of rats that orally received AfB1 alone and together with modified nanodiamonds (MND)
Results of the examination of hematological parameters of blood and the state of the rats liver cells can suggest that oral administration of AfB1 together with the MND hydrosol produces a less toxic effect on animals than oral administration of AfB1 alone
Summary
Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus—a widely occurring genus of mold fungi. Food and feed products infested by mold fungi can be contaminated with aflatoxins. This is a serious hazard to animal and human health, as aflatoxins are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) is the most hazardous mycotoxin in this group, and there is no threshold concentration for its toxic effect. The main target of AfB1 is liver and it undergoes transformations in hepatocytes: biotransformation to active AfB1-8,9-epoxide, which gets bound with DNA; irreversible hydroxylation, forming metabolites M1, P1, and Q1; reversible hydroxylation, forming aflatoxicol [1,2,3,4,5]. Aflatoxins that come into animal and human gastrointestinal systems with contaminated food can be mitigated by various enterosorbents [6,7,8,9]
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