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Abstract
Hematological malignancies are diseases, which include all cancers of blood and lymphoid organs. They result from a proliferation of mature blood cells or immature blood cells. However, in all cases, these blood cells escape the normal regulation. This work aims to determine the types and frequencies of diagnosed malignancies. It’s supported by the clinical hematological department of the Military Hospital Avicenna in Marrakech. We conducted a retrospective study over a period of 4 years from January, 1st 2012 to December, 31st 2015. We used an operating record, which includes epidemiological, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary criteria. During this period, we found that 70 cases were diagnosed and treated in the clinical hematological department of the HMA. We recorded 26 cases of multiple myeloma (37%), 23 cases of leukemia (33%), 19 cases of lymphoma (including 15 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (21.4%) and 4 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma 5.7 %), 1 case of myelodysplastic syndrome (1.4%) and 1 case of polycythemia vera (1.4%). This work allowed us to note a significant increase in malignancies in this study. Hence the importance of raising the awareness of health professionals and raising awareness on a larger scale of the general population to improve the time of care and indirectly improve the prognosis of these diseases.
Highlights
Hematological malignancies include all cancers of the blood and lymphoid organs
The objective of our study is to report the epidemiological, clinical, hematological, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of the hematological malignancies observed at the Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech
Multiple myeloma ranked first with 26 cases (37.1%), followed by leukemias with 23 cases (33%), followed by lymphoma with 19 cases (27.1%). 15 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (21.4%) and 4 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma (5.7%)
Summary
Hematological malignancies include all cancers of the blood and lymphoid organs. They result from a proliferation of mature blood cells (responsible for chronic haemopathies of slow evolution) or immature (causing acute haemopathies of rapid evolution) but which, in any case, escape the normal regulation. [1]Most hematological malignancies result most often from mutations that occur in a cell clone, following damage to the DNA during its duplication during mitosis. Hematological malignancies include all cancers of the blood and lymphoid organs. They result from a proliferation of mature blood cells (responsible for chronic haemopathies of slow evolution) or immature (causing acute haemopathies of rapid evolution) but which, in any case, escape the normal regulation. Most hematological malignancies result most often from mutations that occur in a cell clone, following damage to the DNA during its duplication during mitosis. International classifications of hematological malignancies are becoming more complex This is explained by the better knowledge of normal and pathological hematopoiesis thanks to the development of molecular biology techniques, making it easy to study the genome and different cell signaling pathways. A better understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms has led to the development of new treatments, which have upset the management of some previously incurable haematopathies (eg tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia, ATRA in AML3). [1]
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