Abstract
ABSTRACTLumpy skin disease (LSD) is an important disease of cattle. This study was conducted to determine alterations in hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress markers in cattle that have been naturally infected with LSD virus (LSDV). Blood samples and skin nodular lesions were collected from clinically infected, recovered and healthy animals. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to screen for Capripoxvirus DNA in samples from clinically infected animals. Hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress markers were measured. LSDV nuclic acids were detected in the collected samples using PCR. Hematological results revealed erythrocytosis, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia in infected cattle. Biochemical analyses showed that total protein and globulin levels were significantly elevated, while albumin and glucose were significantly reduced in these cattle. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and creatinine levels were markedly elevated. Moreover, serum levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were markedly lowered, whereas lipid peroxidation (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and TNF-α) were elevated. Recovered cattle exhibited significant amelioration of the alterations resulting from LSDV infection. The results of this study suggest that LSDV infection induces changes in hematological and biochemical parameters and stimulates oxidative stress; these findings may be helpful for choosing a good strategy for rapidly detecting and diagnosing LSDV infection.
Highlights
Lumpy skin disease (LSD), which is an acute viral disease of cattle that mainly originated in Africa and is endemic in most African countries, causes high morbidity and low mortality in cattle (Davies 1991)
The results of this study suggest that LSD virus (LSDV) infection induces changes in hematological and biochemical parameters and stimulates oxidative stress; these findings may be helpful for choosing a good strategy for rapidly detecting and diagnosing LSDV infection
This disease is caused by LSD virus (LSDV), which belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus and the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae of the family Poxviridae (Buller et al 2005)
Summary
Lumpy skin disease (LSD), which is an acute viral disease of cattle that mainly originated in Africa and is endemic in most African countries, causes high morbidity and low mortality in cattle (Davies 1991). LSD is currently emerging in the Middle East and poses a threat to Europe and the rest of the world (Tuppurainen and Oura 2012) This disease is caused by LSD virus (LSDV), which belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus and the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae of the family Poxviridae (Buller et al 2005). LSDV infections cause significant economic losses in various respects, such as by inducing severely reduced milk production, weight loss, abortion, infertility and/or hide damage. These infections produce marked hematological, biochemical and immunological alterations (Neamat-Allah 2015). The acute form of LSD is characterized by severe degeneration of the epidermis, furunculosis, and folliculitis with vasculitis that affects dermal capillaries and arterioles (ElNeweshy et al 2013)
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