Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of block (BP) and a reverse training periodization (RP) in the hematological and running performance of amateur trained athletes. Modifications in hematological, aerobic, and anaerobic running performance and countermovement jump before and after twelve weeks of BP vs. RP training programs were analyzed in 16 trained athletes (eight males: 40.0 ± 6.2 years; 179.2 ± 12.8 cm; 73.8 ± 12.2 kg; and eight females: 34.2 ± 4.1 years; 163.4 ± 9.6 cm; 57.0 ± 11.0 kg). A significant decrease in heart rate (HR) at ventilatory threshold (VT1) (p = 0.031; ES = 1.40) was observed in RP without changes in BP. In addition, RP increased significantly VO2max (p = 0.004; ES = 0.47), speed at VO2max (p = 0.001; ES = 1.07), HR at VT2 (p < 0.001; ES = 1.32) and VT1 (p = 0.046; ES = 0.57), while BP improved VO2max (p = 0.004; ES = 0.51), speed at VO2max (p = 0.016; ES = 0.92), and HR at VT2 (p = 0.023; ES = 0.78). In addition, only RP increased anaerobic performance in a running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) (mean sprint: p = 0.009; ES = 0.40, best sprint: p = 0.019; ES = 0.30 and total time: p = 0.009; ES = 0.40). Moreover, both types of training periodization proposed in this study maintained hematological values and efficiently improved jump performance (p = 0.044; ES = 0.6) in RP and p = 0.001; ES = 0.75 in BP). Therefore, twelve weeks of either RP or BP is an effective strategy to increase jump and aerobic running performance maintaining hematological values, but only RP increases anaerobic running performance.
Highlights
Sports performance is a complex combination of psychological and physiological modifications on the athlete’s organism
In endurance athletes, the physiological modifications related with success have been clearly defined by previous researchers, in which maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), lactate threshold, and efficiency appear to play key roles in endurance performance [1]
We proposed the present research with the aim to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of a Block Periodization and a Reverse Periodization on hematological parameters, countermovement jump, and aerobic and anaerobic running performance of trained athletes
Summary
Sports performance is a complex combination of psychological and physiological modifications on the athlete’s organism. In endurance athletes, the physiological modifications related with success have been clearly defined by previous researchers, in which maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), lactate threshold, and efficiency appear to play key roles in endurance performance [1]. Along this line, the VO2 max and lactate threshold interact to determine the maximal oxygen consumption that could be sustained for a given period of time, being the most used predictors of elite performance. Different modifications in red blood cells, blood iron, and iron reserve cells as
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