Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effects of chemical restraint, general anesthesia and opioid treatment on hematological components in Cuniculus paca. Eight healthy, adult, captivity female animals , underwent three laparoscopic procedures with a 15-day interval were evaluated. After physical restraint, an association of ketamine (25mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly for chemical restraint. Posteriorly, anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane; and randomly administered methadone (0.5mg/kg), tramadol (5mg/kg) or saline-placebo (0,1mL/kg) intramuscularly. After pharmacological restraint and in the final laparoscopy stage, venous blood samples were obtained for complete blood count, total plasma protein (TP), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), sodium, potassium, chloride and ionized calcium analysis. During general anesthesia, hemoglobin, TP concentration and lymphocytes decreased (P=0.029; <0.001; 0.022 respectively), whereas the potassium levels increased (P=0.034). In conclusion, chemical restraint with ketamine/midazolam association causes a slight decrease in blood cellular components. Isoflurane anesthesia for laparoscopic procedure lead to decrease in hemoglobin, lymphocytes and protein concentrations, while potassium increased, without any influence from the tramadol or methadone treatment. However, these alterations were transient, and its hematologic values can collaborate in carrying out epidemiological, pathophysiological or case studies in the Cuniculus paca.
Highlights
Cuniculus paca, previously identified as Agouti paca, is the second largest rodent in South America, naturally found from Mexico to Argentina (Emmons et al, 2016), and their habitat destruction and hunting threatens wildlife maintenance (Chiarello et al, 2008)
The aim of the study was to evaluate some hematological components in healthy female Spotted Pacas in captivity, that underwent laparoscopy under ketamine/midazolam chemical restraint, isoflurane anesthesia and tramadol or methadone treatment
Values from the hematological analysis in Cuniculus paca under chemical restraint, general anesthesia and treated with tramadol, methadone or placebo are summarized in Table 1 and 2
Summary
Previously identified as Agouti paca, is the second largest rodent in South America, naturally found from Mexico to Argentina (Emmons et al, 2016), and their habitat destruction and hunting threatens wildlife maintenance (Chiarello et al, 2008). Trying to preserve the species, commercial breeding has been assembled, and biological studies propitiated, in regard to clinical and reproductive characteristics (Lourenço et al, 2008). In this context, hematologic analyses are scarce in Cuniculus paca and only a few reference values have been published (Pachaly et al, 2001; Estrada et al, 2011; Stradiotti et al, 2015). Due to the behavioral characteristics and great susceptibility to stress, chemical restraint and/or anesthesia are necessary for clinical procedures (Pachaly and Werner 1998), and for this reason it is important to define and characterize if these procedures cause hematologic alterations as described in other species (Marini et al, 1997; Kiliç, 2008). The aim of the study was to evaluate some hematological components in healthy female Spotted Pacas in captivity, that underwent laparoscopy under ketamine/midazolam chemical restraint, isoflurane anesthesia and tramadol or methadone treatment
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