Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of polystyrene microplastic contaminant on hemato-biochemical parameters of Cardiosoma guanhumi from the mangrove area of Lagos Lagoon using standard methods. Total Haemocyte Count (THC) ranged between 3050.00±0.00 mL and 4200.00 ±0.05 mL with control crabs having the highest value of 4200.00±0.05 mL. There was significant difference between the treatment groups and the control (p<0.05). Hemocyte sub-population variables showed that crabs fed the control and 0.01g polystyrene microplastic diets had higher granulocyte and monocyte populations but a decrease in agranulocytes. The crabs fed with the polystyrene microplastic contaminated diets were significantly higher in serum protein (32.50±0.05-32.90±0.10 gL-1) than the crab fed with control diet (20.09±0.05 gL-1). Crabs fed 0.01g and 0.02g polystyrene microplastic based diets recorded the same aspartate aminotransferase mean value (19.30 µI-1) which was significantly higher than the mean value (11.50 µI-1) recorded in crabs fed control diet. Crab fed 0.01g polystyrene microplastic based diet recorded most of the highest values for biochemical parameters: Alanine aminotransferase (13.00±0.05 µI-1), alkaline phosphatase (113.70±0.10 µI-1), lactate dehydrogenase (148.60±0.05 µI-1) and urea (40.41 ±0.15 µI-1). The changes in the crabs’ hematological and serum biochemical profiles in this study provide reliable and discriminatory data on the effect of microplastic contaminant calling for long-term monitoring to assess the eco-health of the mangrove system.
Highlights
Mangrove ecosystems fringe tropical and sub-tropical coastlines throughout the world and function as nurseries for a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate marine species (Olafsson et al, 2002)
The results obtained for Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) revealed that crab fed with 0.01g polystyrene microplastic based diet recorded the highest value of 113.70±0.10 μI-1 which was significantly different from the values obtained in crabs fed 0.02g polystyrene microplastic based diet (91.50 ±0.90 μI-1) and crabs fed with control diet (84.20±0.02 μI-1)
Total haemocyte count decreased while haemocyte modulation of their involvement in various biological sub-populations varied in exposed crabs
Summary
Mangrove ecosystems fringe tropical and sub-tropical coastlines throughout the world and function as nurseries for a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate marine species (Olafsson et al, 2002). Burrowing crabs are possibly one of the most important components of mangrove fauna because of their burrowing activities which can affect nutrient cycling and forest productivity and their role as a link in the food web in mangrove ecosystems (Moruf and Ojetayo, 2017). Consequences of this burrow and bioturbation include increased vertical and horizontal movement of sediment and detritus and stimulation of microbial activity (Lawal-Are et al, 2018a). The studies of the immunotoxicological effect of microplastic on an organism are of special concern since their bioaccumulation potential increases with decreasing size
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