Helminthic infections among primary school children in Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Helminthic infection (HI) is one of the neglected tropical diseases that affect the poorest and most deprived communities, affecting individuals of all ages. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of HIs among primary schoolchildren in the rural and urban communities of Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional survey of 414 randomly selected pupils from six primary schools. Stool samples collected were processed using formol–ether concentration method. Pretested, interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires were used to assess for relationship between infection and factors that significantly contribute to the transmission of HIs. Soil samples were also collected from different locations of the selected schools. Results: The overall prevalence of HIs was 45.4%. Hookworm was the most encountered parasite (57.4%); there were also mixed infections of Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm (8.5%) and hookworm and Trichuris trichiura (1.6%). The prevalence was more in males (46.7%), pupils aged 14–16 years (47.1%) and pupils residing in rural area (49.3%). There was significant relationship between age and hygienic practices of the pupils with HIs (P = 0.00 and 0.002, respectively). There was also significant relationship between marital status, educational level of caregivers and occupation of household heads of the pupils and HIs (P = 0.00, 0.00 and 0.00, respectively). Conclusion: The presence of viable HIs eggs/larvae in the soil suggests possible active transmission and high rate of exposure to infective agents among the schoolchildren. There is need for organised and routine deworming exercises among schoolchildren in the affected communities and also aggressive health education on the risk associated with HIs in the environment.