Abstract
BackgroundIgE characterizes the humoral response of allergic sensitization but less is known about what modulates its function and why some patients present clinical symptoms for a given IgE level and others do not. An IgE response also occurs during helminth diseases, independently of allergic symptoms. This response could be a model of non-functional IgE.ObjectiveTo study the IgE response against environmental allergens induced during natural helminth infection.MethodsIn 28 non allergic subjects from the periphery of Ho Chi Minh city with (H+, n = 18) and without helminth infection (H-, n = 10), we measured IgE and IgG4 against several components of Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus (Dpt) and Ascaris (a marker of immunization against nematodes), and determined the IgE component sensitization profile using microarray ISAC biochips. The functional ability of IgE to induce degranulation of cultured mast cells was evaluated in the presence of Dpt.ResultsNon allergic H+ subjects exhibited higher levels of IgE against Dpt compared to H- subjects. Dpt IgE were not functional in vitro and did not recognize usual Dpt major allergens. IgE recognized other component allergens that belong to different protein families, and most were glycosylated. Depletion of IgE recognizing carbohydrate cross-reactive determinant (CCD) did not induce a reduction in Dpt IgE. The Dpt IgG4 were not significantly different.ConclusionHelminth infections induced IgE against allergens such as Dpt and molecular components that belong to different sources as well as against CCD (such as β-1,2-xylose and/or ⍺-1,3-fucose substituted N-glycans). Dpt IgE were not able to induce degranulation of mast cells and were not explained by sensitization to usual major allergens or N-glycans.
Highlights
The canonical type 2 (T2) immune response involves immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgG1, and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) with eosinophils, basophils, mast cells (MCs), and alternatively activated macrophages, as well as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13
Non allergic H+ subjects exhibited higher levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) against Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus (Dpt) compared to H- subjects
Helminth infections induced IgE against allergens such as Dpt and molecular components that belong to different sources as well as against cross-reactive determinant (CCD)
Summary
The canonical type 2 (T2) immune response involves immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgG1, and IgG4 with eosinophils, basophils, mast cells (MCs), and alternatively activated macrophages, as well as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. The IgE immune response that occurs during helminth infections is characterized by the production of large amounts of specific and non-specific IgEs [1]. Their role is not fully understood [2]. IgE characterizes the humoral response of allergic sensitization but less is known about what modulates its function and why some patients present clinical symptoms for a given IgE level and others do not. An IgE response occurs during helminth diseases, independently of allergic symptoms. This response could be a model of non-functional IgE
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