Helminth biodiversity and spread peculiarities of helminthiasis of domestic artiodactyls in the Caspian Depression ecosystems

Agay Ataev,Dzhamilya Kataeva,Nadyrsultan Karsakov,Madina Zubairova,Arslan Khasaev,E Renev,V Romanyuk,Y Shavrokov,G Batalova,R Changzhong

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20213606012

Abstract

The Caspian Depression is situated on the flat eastern territory of the North Caucasus. According to the soil and climatic conditions, different ecosystems are neighboring in the Caspian Depression: lowland moistened areas (up to 30% of the territories), plat steppes (more than 50%), salt marshes (up to 10%), and semi-deserts (up to 10%). The majority of the Caspian Depression territories are used for domestic animal grazing, where more than 3 million sheep, goats and up to 150 thousand heads of cattle are contained. 46 nosological units of helminthiasis agents are parasitized on domestic ruminants, including 37 species of sheep and 38 of cattle. The average temperature in winter is up to +12°С; in summer – up to +45°С (210-220 days a year). This region is characterized by year-round use of land and an increase in zootechnical standards for keeping animals per unit of pasture (up to 8 heads of sheep and 3 heads of cattle). Moreover, it has a rich variety of pathogens of helminthiasis, the similarity of most types of helminths for domestic ruminants, a high number of invasive stages in biotopes, and up to 95% of the prevalence of mixed invasions of dangerous parasitoses.

Highlights

The Caspian Depression pastures are unprofitable due to helminthiasis of animals
The biodiversity of pathogens of this parasitosis group in the region is represented by 46 nosological units, with which cattle are intensively infected in the second half of spring, summer, autumn and early winter
Helminthiasis is the largest pathology among invasive diseases in all natural and climatic zones of the south-east of the North Caucasus

Summary

Introduction

The Caspian Depression pastures are unprofitable due to helminthiasis of animals. The biodiversity of pathogens of this parasitosis group in the region is represented by 46 nosological units, with which cattle are intensively infected in the second half of spring, summer, autumn and early winter. Ruminants are intensely infested with fascioliasis, dicroceliosis, paramphistomatidosis (focal), monieziasis, teniucole cysticercosis, larval echinococcosis, chabertiosis, bunostomosis, trichostrongylosis, haemonchosis, nematodyrosis, dictyocaulosis, and gongylonemosis. The infestation of animals with pathogens of these helminthioses ranges from 16.6 to 63.3%, with the number of specimens from 23 to 3240 [1-9]. Helminthiasis is the largest pathology among invasive diseases in all natural and climatic zones of the south-east of the North Caucasus. Under the Caspian Depression conditions, 28 nosological structures were recorded among ruminants.

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