Helicopter Aerial Work: Technology to Meet Growing Needs in Critical Missions

Abstract

Helicopters provide aerial services such as firefighting, medical transport, agriculture, and construction for critical industries that form the backbone of modern society. These "aerial work" applications comprise the majority of the current market for civilian helicopters and include a diverse set of mission types and flight profiles; in many cases, aerial work applications are meeting growing needs driven by the climate crisis and energy transition. Through a series of more than 180 interviews with operators, pilots, and users across helicopter aerial work, this paper — the largest contemporary study of its kind — surveys the challenges that the industry sees for itself. Part I analyzes and summarizes our original primary source data to provide both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the needs of this community. Part II presents a case study for aerial firefighting, where a growing demand driven by record-breaking climatic changes is straining the existing air crews, aircraft fleet, and firefighting technology. Many issues identified in firefighting are endemic problems that beset other neighboring applications within aerial work such as public services, energy infrastructure, construction, and agriculture; technologies that have the potential to have a significant impact on re ghting are discussed. Part III is an analysis of technology and how it might better meet the needs of helicopter aerial work. We identify characteristics such as compatibility, reliability, and application specialization that are valued by helicopter aerial work customers and operators. In the backdrop of unprecedented venture capital investment and technology development in new types of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft for AAM, this paper's core nding is that the needs of helicopter aerial work are not being met: a venture capital culture prioritizes innovation that can create new markets over solving challenges in existing ones. Innovation for commercial air transport missions that operate under different market, environmental, and operational conditions does not "trickle down" to aerial work. We identify a need for increased collaboration between technologists and the aerial work community and for a more thoughtful approach towards investment and development to meet the growing challenges of the industry.