Helicobacter pylori strain-selective induction of matrix metalloproteinase-7 in vitro and within gastric mucosa

Abstract

Background & Aims : Helicobacter pylori strains that possess the cag pathogenicity island ( cag +) augment the risk for distal gastric cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, an epithelial cell-derived MMP that is induced by bacterial contact, is overexpressed within human gastric adenocarcinoma specimens and enhances tumor formation in rodents. We determined whether H. pylori alters MMP-7 expression and investigated the molecular pathways required for these events. Methods : MMP-7 was detected in human gastric mucosa by immunohistochemistry and in H. pylori/AGS gastric epithelial cell coculture supernatants by Western analysis. AGS cells were cocultured with wild-type H. pylori, or isogenic cagA −, cagE −, or vacA − mutants, in the absence or presence of inhibitors of nuclear factor κB activation, p38, or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase. Results : H. pylori cag + strains increased MMP-7 expression in AGS cells 5–7-fold, whereas cag − isolates had no effect. Inactivation of cagE, but not cagA or vacA, completely attenuated induction of MMP-7, and inhibition of ERK 1/2 decreased MMP-7 production. In vivo, MMP-7 was expressed in gastric epithelial cells in specimens from 80% of cag +-colonized persons but in none of the cag − or uninfected subjects. Conclusions : H. pylori cag + strains enhance levels of MMP-7 within inflamed mucosa. In vitro, cag + isolates selectively induce MMP-7, and this is dependent on activation of ERK 1/2 by specific components within the cag island. Differential induction of MMP-7 by H. pylori cag + isolates may explain in part the augmentation in gastric cancer risk associated with these strains.