Helicobacter pylori: qué debemos saber en el año 2018. Revisión de la evidencia y nuevas recomendaciones de tratamiento

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is the most widely chronic human infection around the world, and
 the main risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Our country has high rates of
 this neoplasia and a high prevalence of HP infection. Even both have fallen in the last year,
 is a major concern to diagnose the population infected with HP in early stages, before the
 development of premalignant lesions and properly eradicate this infection. In this review, we
 discussed the different methods for the diagnosis of HP and factors that change positivity
 as the use of proton pump inhibitors. Also, we discussed the factors to be considered in the
 choice of the treatment, like local resistance to antibiotics, specially clarithromycin. In the last
 years has been documented in Chile a significant increase in resistance to clarithromycin, from
 20 to 46%, which predicts inadequate effectiveness for the classic triple therapy. As the result
 of the previous analysis we discussed new possible therapies, including bismuth quadruple
 therapy and concomitant therapy.