Abstract
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection consistently leads to chronic and low degree of inflammatory response in gastric mucosa and is closely related with gastrointestinal and extra-gastric diseases. Effects of local microbiome in the stomach have been studied in adults and children with H. pylori infection. It is, however, not known whether the intestinal microbial community differs in children with varying H. pylori infection. The aim of this study is to characterize the altered composition of microbiome induced by H. pylori infection and in gastritis.Materials and Methods: This study involved 154 individuals, including 50 children affected by H. pylori-induced gastritis, 42 children with H. pylori-negative gastritis, and 62 healthy controls. Gut microbiome composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing. Fecal bacterial diversity and composition were then compared.Results: On the basis of an analysis of similarities and differences, we found that children with H. pylori-induced gastritis exhibited gut bacteria dysbiosis. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F:B) at the phylum level had dramatically decreased in H. pylori-positive gastritis group (HPG) and H. pylori-negative gastritis group (HNG), compared with the healthy control group (HCG). At the family and genus levels, relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae was prevalent in HPG and HNG, whereas relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae was seen in HCG. Prevalence of different taxa of gut microbiome at the class, order, family, and genus levels was also observed among the three groups.Conclusions: Gastritis can cause changes in composition of fecal microbiome, which is exacerbated by H. pylori infection. These changes in gut microbiome may be related to drug resistance and development of chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
Highlights
Helicobacter pylori infection consistently leads to chronic and low degree of inflammatory response in gastric mucosa and is closely related with gastrointestinal and extra-gastric diseases
Patients with gastritis indicating positive histopathology and rapid urease test (RUT) were diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection for the first time and were divided into H. pylori-positive gastritis group (HPG), whereas those with negative histopathology and RUT results were divided into the H. pylori-negative gastritis group (HNG) (Koletzko et al, 2011; Jones et al, 2017)
Pathways related to metabolism and human disease were enriched in HPG, but peptidoglycan biosynthesis was found depleted in HPG. These findings show that gut microbiome affected by H. pylori infection and gastritis causes some changes in the body’s basal metabolic function, disease susceptibility, and drug metabolism
Summary
Helicobacter pylori infection consistently leads to chronic and low degree of inflammatory response in gastric mucosa and is closely related with gastrointestinal and extra-gastric diseases. Effects of local microbiome in the stomach have been studied in adults and children with H. pylori infection. Helicobacter pylori is a well-known pathogen in chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer (Marshall and Warren, 1984), usually acquired in early childhood, mostly before the age of 5 (Weyermann et al, 2009; O’Ryan et al, 2015). This infection causes a persistently chronic and low degree of inflammatory response in gastric and duodenal mucosa, which may persist lifelong without treatment. An understanding of how the gastrointestinal microbiome interacts with H. pylori during infection might provide novel targets for its prevention and treatment in children
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