Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the high-throughput sequencing technique is useful for evaluating gastric microbiome, it is difficult to use clinically. We aimed to develop a predictive model for gastric microbiome based on serologic testing.MethodsThis study was designed to analyze sequencing data obtained from the Hanyang University Gastric Microbiome Cohort, which was established initially to investigate gastric microbial composition according to the intragastric environment. We evaluated the relationship between the relative abundance of potential gastric cancer-associated bacteria (nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria or type IV secretion system [T4SS] protein gene-contributing bacteria) and serologic markers (IgG anti-Helicobacter pylori [HP] antibody or pepsinogen [PG] levels).ResultsWe included 57 and 26 participants without and with HP infection, respectively. The relative abundance of nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria was 4.9% and 3.6% in the HP-negative and HP-positive groups, respectively, while that of T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria was 20.5% and 6.5% in the HP-negative and HP-positive groups, respectively. The relative abundance of both nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria and T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria increased exponentially as PG levels decreased. Advanced age (only for nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria), a negative result of IgG anti-HP antibody, low PG levels, and high Charlson comorbidity index were associated with a high relative abundance of nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria and T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) was 53.7% and 70.0% in the model for nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria and T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria, respectively.ConclusionNot only the negative results of IgG anti-HP antibody but also low PG levels were associated with a high abundance of nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria and T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria.
Highlights
Gastric cancer is one of the leading health problems worldwide, accounting for an estimated 990,000 deaths yearly, making it the third and fifth leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men and women, respectively [1]
We evaluated the relationship between the relative abundance of potential gastric cancer-associated bacteria and serologic markers (IgG anti-Helicobacter pylori [HP] antibody or pepsinogen [PG] levels)
The negative results of IgG anti-HP antibody and low PG levels were associated with a high abundance of nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria and T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria
Summary
Gastric cancer is one of the leading health problems worldwide, accounting for an estimated 990,000 deaths yearly, making it the third and fifth leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men and women, respectively [1]. Male sex, tobacco smoking, family history of gastric cancer, high intake of smoked and salty foods, small intake of vegetables and fruits, and low socioeconomic status have been known to be associated with the development of gastric cancer [2]. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is the most potent known risk factor for gastric cancer, and over 50% of the global population over 40 years old has HP colonization in the stomach [3]. The type IV secretion system (T4SS) protein genes, which are essential for transferring cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) from HP into the human gastric epithelium, were abundant in the stomach of patients with intestinal metaplasia [12]. We aimed to develop a predictive model for gastric microbiome based on serologic testing
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