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Abstract
BackgroundMultiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease which has been associated to a great variety of mechanisms that could influence its pathogenesis. Numerous reports in the medical literature suggest that Helicobacter pylori may be a mediator of the disease. However, it is unknown if there is any clear association between MS and HP.ResultsWe studied 144 persons with multiple sclerosis prospectively enrolled in our hematopoietic stem cell transplantation program. In 144 persons, 14% patients were positive for IgG-HP whereas 86% were negative, 8.3% pwMS were IgM-HP positive while 91.6% pwMS were negative, 18% patients were positive and 82% negative for IgA-HP. Significantly lower concentrations of anti-HP IgG were found in RRMS in comparison with SPMS (− 28.5, 95% CI 4.3–52.7). While concentrations of anti-HP IgA were significantly lower in SPMS in comparison with RRMS (0.54, 95% CI 0.1–0.9). In a multivariate analysis, positivity rate of anti-HP IgG was found to be higher in SPMS patients (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.1–19.6).ConclusionsThere was a negative correlation between the presence of anti-HP antibodies and MS. Further larger studies with specific laboratory testing methods are needed to discard or confirm the potential role of anti-HP antibodies as protective for MS.
Highlights
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease which has been associated to a great variety of mechanisms that could influence its pathogenesis
Sample features Between 2019 and 2020, a total of 144 persons with MS (pwMS) enrolled in our hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) program were assessed
Sex, and previous history of immunomodulatory agents were used as covariates for the multivariate analysis RU/ml Relative units per milliliter; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Expanded disability status scale; Coef Regression coefficient; 95% CI 95% confidence interval a EDSS was considered as an ordinal variable and ordinal linear regression was conducted for this case findings of the present study showed a low prevalence of IgG (14%), IgM (8.3%) and IgA (18%) Helicobacter pylori (HP) antibodies in pwMS, these data differ from the worldwide prevalence and with a study by Long et al [27] in which they report the presence of HP antibodies in 73% of the pwMS analyzed
Summary
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease which has been associated to a great variety of mechanisms that could influence its pathogenesis. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological inflammatory disease, associated to immune-mediated injury, destruction of the central nervous system myelin and variable axonal injury [1]. Since it is an immune mediate disease has been associated to multiple mechanisms which could influence in its onset and clinical presentation [1, 2]. There are some reports and evidence that relate HP to extra gastrointestinal diseases, brain diseases, such as stroke, migraine, Alzheimer’s disease and MS [3,4,5] The latter represents the most common cause of non-traumatic disability that affects young adults, and its prevalence and incidence is increasing in developing and developed countries [6,7,8,9]. Some studies have reported a possible negative correlation suggesting that a high previous exposure to HP may be a protective effect associated with a reduction in the incidence of MS, some other studies have failed in the pursuit of this association [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
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