HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE: THE ORAL-GUT MICROBIAL AXIS

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a collection of bacteria induced inammatory diseases of the teeth's supporting tissues. Because periodontal disease is frequently accompanied with many systemic disorders that accelerate or predispose the disease's course, periodontitis has a strong link to other areas of medicine. Acute gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric atrophy, gastritis ulcers, dysplasia, duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer, and gastric MALT lymphoma are among the most common gastroduodenal disorders associated with Helicobacter pylori infections. Orofecally transferred organisms are the most prevalent. The oral cavity's potential involvement as a way of transferring the microorganism and as an extra-gastric reservoir of H.pylori, which forms inside the oral plaque, the principal etiological agent of periodontal disease, becomes clear through several studies. Given that the oral cavity of a patient with periodontal disease has elevated bacterial plaque indices in connection with infrabony pockets, one could wonder if this represents a favorable environment for H. pylori colonization. Another question to consider is if the presence of H.pylori in the oral cavity is a factor in the recurrence of gastric infections. As a result, may non- surgical periodontal therapy combined with eliminating gastric therapy promote decontamination of the microorganism in the oral cavity, resulting in greater prevention of relapse and re-infection of the gastric cavity? Is it possible that non-surgical periodontal treatment could prevent stomach disorders caused by Helicobacter pylori? By integrating all of the relevant papers, this review aims to answer these questions.