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Abstract
The Heifangtai loess terrace in northwest China is a well-known area to study loess landslides because of its frequent occurrence, various types, and complex trigger factors. The determination of loess landslide type and failure mode is of great significance for the landslide risk assessment, hazard mitigation, and prevention. In this study, ascending and descending Spot-mode TerraSAR-X datasets are employed to analyze the deformation patterns and failure modes of loess landslides in Xinyuan landslide group, Heifangtai terrace, by using multidimensional small baseline subsets (MSBAS) technique. First, the locations of three active landslides are delineated by independent InSAR observations from both ascending and descending TerraSAR-X datasets. Then, two-dimensional deformation rates and time series results in both vertical and horizontal east-west directions of the identified landslides are calculated using MSBAS technique. Finally, the deformation types and failure modes of landslides in the study sites are analyzed by jointly using the two-dimensional deformation rates and time series results, topographic map, remote sensing images, and previous studies on the loess landslide failure modes. With the aid of complementary data including topographic map, remote sensing image, previous studies on the loess landslide failure modes, and field investigations, two-dimensional deformation results derived from ascending and descending SAR images are compatible with three typical failure modes of loess landslide including loess-bedrock planar slide, retrogressive failure, and loess slide. Furthermore, the two-dimensional deformation derived from InSAR technique can give much detailed deformation characteristics and movement of loess landslide.
Highlights
Landslides are widely distributed in the world and cause enormous direct and indirect damages each year
Based on the two-dimensional deformation results, topographic map, remote sensing image, and previous studies on the loess landslide failure mode (Peng et al 2017; Xu et al 2014), it can be deduced that Xinyuan no. 1 landslide belongs to the loessbedrock planar slide failure mode
The method of analysis of loess landslide type and failure mode is presented based on two-dimensional InSAR technique and complementary data
Summary
Landslides are widely distributed in the world and cause enormous direct and indirect damages each year. Four methods are mainly focused on the study of deformation pattern and failure mode of loess landslide, i.e., field geological investigations, in-situ monitoring and tests, aerial photographs, and laboratory experiments. Qi et al (2017) analyzed the failure mechanism of loess flow slides and the characteristic of slope retreat in Heifangtai terrace based on field investigations and monitoring, aerial and remote sensing images, and laboratory experiments. These methods are becoming very challenging when they are applied in the large-area loess landslide analysis due to the high cost and low efficiency
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