Abstract
Background: Hallux abductus valgus (HAV) is a forefoot condition produced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Shoes with a high heel height and a typical narrow tip toe box can induce deviations in both the proximal phalanx of the hallux (PPH) and the first metatarsal (IMTT) bones. Nevertheless, the isolated role of heel height remains unclear in the development of HAV pathology. Objectives: The goal was to determine if the heel height increase of shoes without a narrow box toe could augment the PPH and IMTT deviation in frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes toward the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) and the first metatarsocuneiform joint (MCJ), respectively, during static and dynamic conditions in relation to precursor movements of HAV. Methods: Women with an average age of 25.10 ± 4.67 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study to assess the three planes of motion of PPH and IMTT while wearing high heels with heights at 3, 6, 9 cm and unshod conditions via sandals. The measurements used an electromagnetic goniometer device with sensors placed on medial aspects of the PPH and IMTT bones under static and dynamic conditions. Results: Wearing shoes with a 6 cm heel in dynamic condition may increase the PPH valgus and abduction deviation from 3.15 ± 0.10° to 3.46 ± 0.05° (p < 0.05) and from 1.35 ± 0.28° to 1.69 ± 0.30° (p < 0.001), respectively. In addition, a PPH abduction increase from 1.01 ± 0.36° to 1.31 ± 0.46° (p < 0.05) after wearing shoes with a 6 cm heel height was observed under static conditions. Conclusions: Wearing shoes with a heel height of 6 cm without a narrow box toe interference may produce PPH abduction and valgus deviations related to HAV formation.
Highlights
Hallux Abductus Valgus (HAV) is a pathological subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (IMPJ) with lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx of the hallux bone (PPH) toward abduction and valgus direction in both the transverse and frontal planes of motion, respectively
Hallux abductus valgus (HAV) is a forefoot pathology related to PPH in valgus and abduction deviations plus the IMTT
This research was the first study to use the Polhemus Fastrack® to assess the effects of high heels on static and dynamic conditions on PPH and IMTT
Summary
Hallux Abductus Valgus (HAV) is a pathological subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (IMPJ) with lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx of the hallux bone (PPH) toward abduction and valgus direction in both the transverse and frontal planes of motion, respectively. Sensors 2019, 19, 1328 deviation of the first metatarsocuneiform joint (IMCJ) through the first metatarsal bone (IMTT) toward adduction and valgus direction in both transverse and frontal planes of motion, respectively. Hallux abductus valgus (HAV) is a forefoot condition produced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Shoes with a high heel height and a typical narrow tip toe box can induce deviations in both the proximal phalanx of the hallux (PPH) and the first metatarsal (IMTT) bones.
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