Abstract
One hundred and seventy-five specimens (85 males, 90 females) of Hectopsylla psittaci (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) were collected from 11 abandoned nests of Cliff Swallows, Hirundo pyrrhonota , on 15 February 1981 and 4 November 1982 near Newark, Alameda Co., California, USA. Thirteen females were also collected from Cliff Swallows and Black Phoebes ( Sayornis nigricans ) in southern California. Two previous reports of this flea on birds in North America, both in California, were explained by importation of captive birds and by natural introduction on Cliff Swallows having recently returned on their migration from South America. The collection of H. psittaci from unoccupied Cliff Swallow nests confirms that this flea is established in North America and demonstrates that males and females of this species are equally abundant at emergence.
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