Abstract
Natural occurrence and anthropogenic practices contribute to the release of pollutants, specifically heavy metals, in water over the years. Therefore, this leads to a demand of proper water treatment to minimize the harmful effects of the toxic heavy metals in water, so that a supply of clean water can be distributed into the environment or household. This review highlights several water treatment methods that can be used in removing heavy metal from water. Among various treatment methods, the adsorption process is considered as one of the highly effective treatments of heavy metals and the functionalization of adsorbents can fully enhance the adsorption process. Therefore, four classes of adsorbent sources are highlighted: polymeric, natural mineral, industrial by-product, and carbon nanomaterial adsorbent. The major purpose of this review is to gather up-to-date information on research and development on various adsorbents in the treatment of heavy metal from water by emphasizing the adsorption capability, effect of pH, isotherm and kinetic model, removal efficiency and the contact of time of every adsorbent.
Highlights
Environmental pollution has been the main cause of many deaths and illnesses [1]
41 (MCM-41), hexagonalcharacteristic, mesoporous silica and Sant and thermal stability or mesoporous silicas such as Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) that are considered superior in adsorption since it ha
The efficiency of the adsorption process is influenced by several parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, pressure, surface area and coexisting ions
Summary
Environmental pollution has been the main cause of many deaths and illnesses [1]. One research has studied geological structures of various water source areas, which led to the findings of different heavy metals concentration in particular regions that can cause water pollution [11]. These heavy metals will not go through a decay process to non-toxic form [12], and it creates an imbalance condition between the aquatic fauna and flora which later affects the human’s health [13]. The summary of various recently studied adsorbents based on the adsorption capacity, the ideal pH and the suitable isotherm and kinetic model that fit the equation is reviewed
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