Abstract
In Brunei Darussalam, available information of heavy metals in agricultural soils is sparse and hence a baseline study was carried out on soils in rice growing areas. In this study, trace elements as well as common soil characteristics were determined from twenty six of major rice fields such as Wasan, Limau Manis, Selapon and Lot Senkuang. Al, Fe, Mn and Cd were high in these areas however; Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni and Pb were below safety limit of soil while Mn and Cd were above the permissible limit according to the WHO/CCME/European Union guidelines. The variations in metal concentrations in these samples are highly correlated to the acidic condition, organic matter and CEC of the paddy soils. The distributions of Al, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb were high at low pH. Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb showed positive correlation with organic matter while the quantities of Al, Fe, Mn, Cr and Co were negatively correlated. Correlation analyses showed that the Cd, Zn and Ni were associated with CEC while most of the metals were related to Al and Fe. The soils of the studied areas are extremely acidic with pH 3.0-4.6, and low in cations, CEC and available P, while having a high OM content. Low content of P was due to high amount of Al and Fe in these areas.
Highlights
A great deal of attention has been paid towards the monitoring of heavy metals (HMs) in recent years due to concern over their effects on human health [51]
The contamination of soils by HMs has emerged from natural origin and anthropogenic actions such as improper use of agrochemicals, animal manures and some activities of industrialization [56, 75]
The tested method was acceptable for the analysis of heavy metals in soil
Summary
A great deal of attention has been paid towards the monitoring of heavy metals (HMs) in recent years due to concern over their effects on human health [51]. S soils is about 17-24 million hectares [6] and these soils release massive amounts of acid and toxically high contents of metals which disturb the surrounding environment [28]. This process can have a detrimental impact on the agriculture sector as the acidity and the increase of soluble metals result in toxicity and a decrease in nutrient availability of some nutrients, which lowers productivity [23]. It is harmful to human health and sustainability of agricultural land such as soil and water pollution and phytotoxicity, failure of crop growth and quality [15, 77]
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