Heavy metals in medicinal plant products — An African perspective

Abstract

Heavy metal toxicity related to the use of traditional medicines has been reported worldwide. Heavy metals may be introduced into medicinal plant products through contaminated agricultural resources and/or poor production practices. Deliberate addition of heavy metals for alleged medicinal value has been documented in numerous cultural groups. Poisoning from heavy metal contamination of medicinal plant products has caused countless health implications including liver and kidney failure and even death. African natural plant-based products have evolved to incorporate various synthetic products such as heavy metals for alleged medicinal properties. This review emphasizes the main areas in agriculture and production where contamination may occur. At the same time it highlights the cultural uses and poisonings related to heavy metals in traditional medicines. Adequate regulatory measures and quality control of African herbal products for toxic heavy metals are required.