Abstract
There is an increasing global concern for adverse effects of inorganic fertilizer and pesticides applied to agricultural soils. This study investigated metal speciation in soil and health risk assessment of Jute mallow (Corchorus olitoriuos) from a farm settlement in Ikorodu, Lagos State. Soil samples were collected according to the set standard procedure, sequentially extracted and analyzed for selected heavy metals using standard methods. Results showed that chromium (Cr) was associated with reducible fraction (Fe-Mn) for top soil, while cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu); lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni); and Cr were predominantly bound to carbonate, reducible and residual mineral components respectively for sub-soil. The results of Contamination Factor (CF), Contamination Degree (CD), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) showed that the soil samples were not polluted for all the investigated metals. The Cd level in the soil (13.54 ± 1.21 mg·kg﹣1) and vegetables (0.83 ± 0.05 mg·kg﹣1) were above the USEPA critical permissible limit of 3.0 mg·kg﹣1 and 0.1 - 1.2 mg·kg﹣1 respectively. The daily intake of estimated selected heavy metals from the vegetable ranged from 8.8 × 10﹣03 to 1.4 × 10﹣02 for adult and 3.8 × 10﹣03 to 1.1 × 10﹣02 for children while the Hazard Quotient (HQ) for adults ranged from 5.4 × 10﹣05 to 1.1 × 10﹣01 and that of children ranged from 8.3 × 10﹣03 to 1.4 × 10﹣02. The cancer risk (CR) values of heavy metals in the soil ranged from 1.02 × 10﹣11 to 9.90 ×
Highlights
In Nigeria, the rate of increase in human population which, according to the National Population commission, stood at 88.6 million people in 2006, does not enjoy a corresponding rate of increase in food supply [1] [2]
This study investigated metal speciation in soil and health risk assessment of Jute mallow (Corchorus olitoriuos) from a farm settlement in Ikorodu, Lagos State
The results of speciation analysis showed that Pb and Ni, Cd, Mn and Cu were predominantly associated with exchangeable and residual fractions respectively, while Cr was associated with reducible fractions for top soil
Summary
In Nigeria, the rate of increase in human population which, according to the National Population commission, stood at 88.6 million people in 2006, (and is projected to hit 160 million within the one decade) does not enjoy a corresponding rate of increase in food supply [1] [2]. This creates a huge food supply deficit among Nigerians as food demand far outstripped the level of supply, creating an immense pressure on the available food items with the attendant increases in market prices [1]. Safety of vegetables is very important [3] [4]
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