Heavy metal contamination in street dusts and soils under different land uses in a major river basin in an urbanized zone of Aegean region, Turkey.

Abstract

Meles River is one of the major Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb sources that enter Izmir inner Bay. However, the impacts of land uses on the river's catchment basin has not been investigated before. The study aims to exhibit the impacts of various land uses located on the catchment basin of the river. Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn concentrations were determined to present the current situation. In addition, the correlation analyses were performed in order to identify the metals' possible sources in the city. Soils and street dusts from the sites representing industrial, residential, and commercial areas and the roads in Meles River basin were sampled and heavy metal levels were determined by using the aqua regia digestion. The correlations among the analytical parameters and the factors loaded with clusters of parameters identified by Principal Component Analysis were used to describe the major sources of studied elements The contamination assessment was also done by using the geoaccumulation index (I geo ) and enrichment factor (EF) values. Ni concentrations (average 697mgkg-1) in soils were higher than the levels in street dusts (average 548mgkg-1). Dust samples contained 131mgkg-1 Pb, 179mgkg-1 Cr, 347mgkg-1 Cu, and 241mgkg-1 Zn, while the average values of these metals were detected in lower levels in soils. The average values were found as 114mgkg-1, 125mgkg-1, 143mgkg-1, and 129mgkg-1, for Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn, respectively. The main component of soil heavy metals was determined as geochemical background enriched with long-term industrial depositions. Similarly, industrial emissions were found to be the major influence on the heavy metal levels in street dusts. Soil and street dust heavy metal levels are significantly affected by emissions from intense industrial activities and traffic emissions, and heavy metals are transported between these two matrices by exchanging masses between each other.