Heavy Metal Contamination in Kumaun Lakes, Lesser Himalaya, India: Impact on Water Quality and Environmental Health

Abstract

The lakes of Kumaun, located in the Lesser Himalaya, India, are vital water sources supporting local life and attracting tourists. These tectonically formed lakes sit within a geologically diverse region consisting of dolomites, limestones, shales, silicates, and volcanic rocks, providing various ecosystem services. This study utilizes Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to evaluate heavy metal pollution in Nal-Damyanti Tal, Garur Tal, and Sat Tal lakes. Results indicate mercury (Hg) concentrations exceeding permissible limits in two lakes, ranging from 0.48 to 2.027 µg/L, alongside high levels of aluminum (Al), beryllium (Be), and selenium (Se). The data suggests that both anthropogenic activities and geological factors contribute to the trace metal accumulation in these lakes. The findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive management strategies to protect water quality and environmental health.